88位电影摄影师与ASC成员将透露他们在职业生涯中获得的大有助益的想法，建议，技巧以及注意点。他们的回应从复杂到简单，从显而易见到具体细节——但所有人都乐于帮助你在电影行业中尽力奋斗。

这是一个有名的问题，它常在《美国电影摄影师》杂志的“ASC特写”栏目中出现。这个栏目是与多位ASC成员进行的简短访谈。这是一个深入本质的问题，它要求ASC会员们去努力搜寻对自己来说最有用，最有效的那一条建议。这不是通用的指导规则，也不是还行的建议，而是最好的建议。

在读者建议之下，EVAN LUZI遍览了《美国电影摄影师》杂志网上存档，整理了来自88位电影摄影师的答案，有一些答案已经众所周知，但另外一些还少有关注。然而，所有回答中都蕴含了至为重要的洞见、智慧，知识，它们可能也会对你的电影制作事业有所帮助。

整理者：EVAN LUZI      译者：吴晓晖     转载请注明来源：影视工业网

“你得到过最棒的专业建议是什么?”
When I was an AC, a gaffer told me, ‘Don’t run on a set,’ because you show everyone that you probably forgot something. I still don’t run on set, and I try not to forget too many things.
当我还是个助理摄影师时，一个灯光师告诉我，‘别在现场奔跑’。因为你给别人留下的印象就是你可能忘记了什么事情。直到现在，我都不会在现场奔跑，而且我会努力不要太健忘。_布鲁诺·德尔邦内尔（Bruno Delbonnel《天使爱美丽》《巴黎，我爱你》《漫长的婚约》摄影）

‘Keep it simple.’ It’s always exciting to try a new piece of gear, but sometimes two grips pulling a camera on a blanket is still the best solution.
‘保持简单。’尝试新设备总会让人兴奋，但是两个场务助理在毯子上拉摄影机有时仍是最好的选择。_Glen MacPherson, ASC

‘Never pass up the opportunity to keep your mouth shut!’ What they don’t tell you in cinematography training is that your job is 50 percent cinematography and 50 percent diplomacy. I’ve learned the hard way that when things go south, as they sometimes do, it’s best to pause and reflect on what’s happening and why before opening your mouth and blurting out what first comes to mind. No one remembers what you didn’t say, but they will certainly remember something you said in haste.
‘不要错过闭嘴的机会!’他们在电影摄影学习中没有告诉你的就是你的工作一半是摄影，另外一半则是交际。我自己学到当事情与期望相左时，最好要停下来反思现在发生了什么，为何发生，而不是想到什么张嘴就说。没有人会记得你没说出口的话，但是他们会记得你匆忙之间说出的话。_Bill Bennett, ASC

When I was in college, Nick Ray came to show his films, and I spent the whole night talking to him in the lobby rather than watching the films. As he left, he said, ‘Remember, it’s a way of life.’
我上大学时, Nick Ray过来展示他的电影,我花了一整个晚上在大厅跟他聊天而不是看电影。他离开时说，‘记着，这是一种生活方式’。_Steven Fierberg, ASC

I’ve learned so much from reading American Cinematographer, and the best professional advice I ever received was from an interview with Gordon Willis. In it, he stressed the importance of always having a point of view when approaching a scene. It’s the first question I ask myself when I’m designing my coverage: what is the point of view, or whose? Once I’ve answered this question, everything falls into place with much more ease.
我从阅读《美国电影摄影师》中学到的，得到的最好的专业建议来自对Gordon Willis进行的采访。他在里面强调了处理场景时心中一定要有个观点。这是我在设计简要分析时最先问的问题：观点是什么，这个观点是谁的？一旦我回答了这个问题，一切就会容易很多。_Ernest Dickerson, ASC

From editor Irving Lerner: ‘Cut out all the comin’s and goin’s.’
剪切师Irving Lerner说过：‘剪去所有的将要来和将要去。’_Jack Couffer, ASC

‘There’s only one way to shoot this thing: two ways.’
‘拍这个东西的办法只有一种：两种办法。’_Barry Markowitz, ASC

From Owen Roizman: ‘There’s no need to have an ego as a man. Let your work on that screen be your ego.’
Owen Roizman说的：‘不要保留身为个人的自我。让你在银幕上拍摄的东西成为你的自我’。_Crescenzo Notarile, ASC

Jim Danforth taught me the value of critical thinking, especially about your own work, and how to see your work as the audience will see it. And during The Empire Strikes Back, George Lucas showed me a helicopter shot and asked if I could add a creature running on the ground, which at the time seemed impossible because of the six-axis camera motion. He said, ‘Give it some thought,’ and within 15 minutes I had a solution. That taught me that a right answer might be one thought away.
Jim Danforth教会了我批判性思维的重要性，特别是关于你自己的工作，还有如何以观众的眼光看待自己的作品。在拍摄《星球大战V：帝国反击战》时，乔治·卢卡斯给我看了一场直升机戏，然后问我能不能添加某个生物在地面奔跑的镜头。那个时候因为摄影机是六轴运动，这件事看起来不可能实现。他说，‘想一想吧’，然后15分钟之内我便想到了解决方法。这件事告诉我正确的答案只要再想想便可入手。_ Dennis Muren

Don’t shoot your demo reel. Be true to the story.
不要拍摄你的样片。忠实于故事。_Tobias Schliessler

From George Miller: ‘Just be bold, Dino! Be as bold as you want!’
来自George Miller：‘胆子大点，Dino!想多大胆就多大胆!’_Dean Semler,ASC, ACS《与狼共舞》《2012》摄影

I received early encouragement from Woody Omens, ASC; and Walter Lassally, BSC taught me many crucial concepts over the course of several projects. I also appreciated the opportunity to be on the set of Fat City, where Conrad Hall was executing innovative ideas like using 8K (4x2K) umbrella lights for the fight scenes. In dailies, John Huston would just put his head down and listen, trusting Conrad to deliver their visual plan.
我早期时得到过来自Woody Omens[ASC]的鼓励；还有Walter Lassally，BSC在数个项目过程中教过我许多关键的概念。我也很珍惜能在《富城》（Fat City）现场工作的机会，在那儿Conrad Hall将很多创新的念头付诸实践，比如说用8K(4x2K)伞灯来为打斗场景照明。在处理素材时，John Huston会低下头倾听，十分信赖Conrad来执行他们的视觉计划。_Tom Houghton, ASC

It was actually given to my son when he was getting ready to direct his thesis film at the American Film Institute. Jay Fortune, a New York gaffer I’d just completed a film with, suggested to him, ‘Don’t lose your sense of humor, even when everything seems to be going in the opposite direction.’
这条建议其实是给我的儿子的，当时他准备在美国电影学会拍摄主题影片。Jay Fortune,一位刚跟我拍完电影的纽约灯光师，对他说：‘就算每件事情都背道而驰，也不要丧失你的幽默感。’_但丁·斯宾诺蒂（Dante Spinotti, ASC, AIC《惊曝内幕》《洛城机密》摄影）

Life is like an airplane: you either get onboard, or you don’t. It’s up to you.
生活就像飞机：要么上去，要么不上去。你自己做决定。_Xavier Grobet, ASC, AMC

When I was a focus puller on a movie with Adrian Biddle, BSC, I told him I did not have focus marks, and he said, ‘Feel the Force.’ I use that advice all the time.
当我还是个跟焦员和Adrian Biddle,BSC一起拍电影时，我告诉他我没有焦点记号，他跟我说，‘去感受那股力量’。我一直都使用这条建议。_Dan Mindel

‘The edges of the frame are often more interesting than the center.’
取景框的边缘常常比中心还要有意思。_Luciano Tovoli, ASC, AIC

On my first day on my first job as a PA, the production manager was late, and a grip said, ‘It is disrespectful to be late on a shoot day.’ That made a big impression on me.
在我当私人助理的第一天，制片经理迟到了，一个场务助理说，‘在拍电影时迟到是很不尊重的。’这句话给我留下了深刻印象。_罗德里格·普瑞托（Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC《断背山》《弗里达 》《爱情是狗娘》 摄影）

Listen to your gut instinct and believe in it. And remember that the craft-service person on this job might be the producer on the next.
听从并相信你的本能。记住这部片子的后勤人员可能是下部片的制片人。_LRoberto Schaefer, ASC, AIC

Stay calm, listen, observe and lead by example.
保持镇定，倾听，观察，给别人树立榜样。_Jonathan Taylor, ASC

Don’t try to be someone you are not.
不要成为自己以外的人。_阿勒·基维洛（Alar Kivilo, AS, CSC）

1) Learn how to listen; 2) Choose one strong idea per film; and 3) Really understand your motivations, why you do something and not something else, and the direction you take in your work.
1) 学习倾听；2)为每部电影选一个强烈的想法；3) 真正了解你的动机，为什么你要做这件事情而不是其他事情，还有你工作的方向。_Darius Khondji, ASC, AFC

The film business is like a prizefight: It’s not how many times you get knocked down that counts, it’s how many times you get up and go again.
电影行业就像一场拳击赛：你倒下去多少次都不重要，重要的是你爬起来多少次，又重新奋斗了多少次。_Sam Nicholson

Michael Chapman told me that if I didn’t want to shoot a project, I should just double my rate — that way I could be happy doing it. I’ve never tried it, but he made me laugh.
Michael Chapman告诉我如果我不想拍某个项目，把价钱翻倍就好——这样我就能工作的很开心。我从未试过这么做，但他让我大笑了一场。_David Boyd, ASC

Know what you want to see in the shot before you plan logistics.
想知道你将能在镜头里看到什么，那么你就要提前做计划。_John Newby, ASC

After hearing complaints from an actor that I was putting too much light in his eyes, an executive producer called me into his office to remind me that I could be fired and he could be fired, but the actor could not be fired. It was a great lesson in political reality.
听到有演员抱怨我把他的眼睛打光太亮之后，一位执行制片人把我叫到办公室提醒我，我和他都可能被解雇，但演员却不会。这给我在利益得失方面上了很好一课。_Robert Primes, ASC

From George Folsey Sr.: ‘Whenever you go into production, eat a good breakfast and sit down whenever you can.’ Good advice.
来自George Folsey Sr：‘不管你何时进入拍摄，吃一顿丰盛的早餐，在所有可能的地方坐下来。’这是个好建议。_彼得·迪明Peter Deming, ASC

Cinematography is 10 percent cinematography and 90 percent bladder control.
摄影只有10%是有关摄影，90%是关于膀胱控制。_西穆斯·迈克加维（Seamus McGarvey, ASC, BSC《安娜·卡列尼娜》《赎罪》摄影）

Don’t let yourself become too obsessed with technology. Find a balance with your creativity.
别过度沉迷于技术。技术和创意必须达到平衡点。_Jerzy Zielinski, ASC, PSC

Find a way to keep shooting, no matter what. That is how I have learned and how I have grown.
找到一种持续拍摄的方法，无论为何。这是我学到的经验，也是我成长的方法。_Newton Thomas Sigel, ASC《亡命驾驶》摄影

My gaffer in England, Martin Evans, advised me to say nothing during the first three weeks of production, to just watch and listen. I wish I had followed his advice more closely.
我在英国的灯光师Martin Evans建议我在拍摄的头三个礼拜什么都别说，只要观察并倾听。我要是把这一点执行的更完美就好了。_Stephen Goldblatt, ASC, BSC《永远的蝙蝠侠》《潮浪王子》

‘Every producer, every lab, every equipment house and every crewmember (from director to caterer) is your family.’
‘每一位制片人，每一个实验室，每一个设备房和每一位拍摄成员都是你的家人(从导演到负责伙食的人)。’_ 拉塞尔·卡朋特（Russell Carpenter, ASC《泰坦尼克号》摄影）

From my agent: ‘Be the happiest guy on set.’ He was right.
来自我的经纪人：‘做在现场最开心的家伙。’他是对的。_Frank B. Byers

From Tim Beiber: ‘Show up early, don’t sit down, and act like you give a shit.’ It’s easy to remember and has far-reaching implications.
来自Tim Beiber：‘早点现身，别坐下，表现出你很在乎。’这个建议简单易记，而且有着深远的含义。_Jim Denault, ASC

Lee Rothberg’s mantra: ‘Keep calm, cool and collected at all times.’
Lee Rothberg的咒语：‘在所有时候都保持镇定，冷静，不慌不乱。’_Dejan Georgevich, ASC

I’m not sure it’s the best advice, but when I first began working as a camera assistant, Joe Ruttenberg, ASC lived next door. He took me into his house one day and showed me his two Academy Awards and told me to become an editor, because they had more control of his art than he did. It didn’t deter me, but it made me aware that I wasn’t in complete control of the finished product. It’s a lesson I’m still learning.
我不确定这是不是最好的建议，但当我刚开始当摄影助手时，Joe Ruttenberg,ASC就住我隔壁。一天他把我带进自己的房子，给我看了他的两尊奥斯卡奖，告诉我去当个剪切师，因为剪切师能比摄影师更自由地处理素材。他的话并没有阻止我，但让我意识到我并非对成品拥有完全控制权。这一课我至今仍在学习。_Charles Minsky, ASC

From Jordan Cronenweth: ‘Minimize compromise, be prepared for rejection, and save your money
来自Jordan Cronenweth：‘将妥协最小化,准备接受反对，节省着花钱。_Thomas A。 Del Ruth

From my grandfather, Carmine Coppola: What you do with your non-working time is more important than what you do with your working time.
来自我的祖父Carmine Coppola：你不工作时干的事情比你工作时干的要重要得多。_约翰·施瓦兹曼（John Schwartzman《奔腾年代》《珍珠港》

It’s the director’s movie. The director is always right.
这部电影是导演的。导演永远是正确的。_Fred Elmes《绿巨人》《兄弟》《蓝丝绒》摄影

Have a clear vision, design and objective for every scene. Then, by lighting with your instincts along with your intention and setting your own level of excellence, you will find satisfaction.
对于每个场景，都要有一个清晰的视野，设计和目标。然后，听从本能，带着意图来布光，并且设定你自己对于卓越的标准，你会满意的。_Rene Ohashi, ASC, CSC《最后一刻》《清秀佳人》《热血高速》摄影

The advice I got the first day I worked in the film business: Always be five minutes early to work, never five minutes late. But more importantly, live on the edge when it comes to your photography — take risks. Put your ideas on film and fall down a few times; it will make you a great filmmaker.
我进入电影业第一天时得到的建议：永远在工作开始前五分钟到位，而不是迟五分钟。但更加重要的是，当遭遇挑战时敢于冒险。把你的理念融入电影中，摔几次跤，这会让你成为一名伟大的电影人。_Salvatore Totino

Invest in yourself, and if you’re not willing to risk everything, then don’t bother doing anything.
给自己投资。如果你不愿意冒任何风险，就别费劲做任何事情。_Paul Cameron

Stay true to yourself. When everything is crazy around you and you feel like you’re being forced into making all the compromises, do what is right for you and make the compromises you can live with. In the end, what people see on the screen is what they remember you by.
要对自己真诚。当身边一切都变得很糟糕，你觉得你被迫做出妥协时，去做那些对你而言正确的事情，并且做出你可以忍受的妥协。最后，人们靠银幕上看到的东西记住你。_Billy Dickson

Michael Chapman, ASC said, ‘You have to give the impression you know what you’re doing even when you’re totally confused.’
Michael Chapman, ASC说，就算你一头雾水，也要表现出一副你知道你在干什么的样子。_Paul Ryan

I was working with Don McAlpine, ASC, ACS, and getting impatient watching the director, producer and assistant director endlessly discuss the next setup. Don turned to me and said in his inimitable Aussie drawl, ‘Relax. Sooner or later they’ll have to come over to talk to us.’
我那时候跟Don McAlpine, ASC, ACS,一起工作，然后看导演，制片人还有助理导演没完没了地讨论下一场场景设置就不耐烦。Don面向我并且用他那种模仿不来的、慢吞吞的澳大利亚口音说：‘放松。他们迟早会过来找我们说话的。’_Anastas Michos

I was honored to have John Alton, ASC visit my set when I first became a cinematographer. He told me to light the people, not the sets.
我很荣幸，在我刚成为电影摄影师的时候John Alton, ASC来过我的现场。他告诉我要为人物打光而不是为现场打光。_Lowell Peterson

I think it was Sven Nykvist, ASC who once said, ‘Take chances, but when you do, lower the ASA setting on your light meter.’ To this day, no matter how great the latitude of the film stock is, I always calibrate my meter to a lower setting than what the manufacturer recommends.
我想大概是Sven Nykvist, ASC曾经说过，‘敢于冒险，但冒险时，要在测光表上降低ASA设置。’直到今天，不管电影胶片的宽容度有多少，我总是会把测光表调到比生产商建议的值要低的设置。_Alexander Gruszynski

When I was starting out, a veteran first assistant told me the 2-Make Rule, ‘Make your leading ladies look beautiful and make your day.’
当我刚刚踏入这一行时，一位资深首席助理告诉我一条‘2让’规则：‘让你的主要女角看起来很美，让你的一天过得很美。’_Aaron Schneider, ASC

When director Gil Cates chose me to shoot a love story starring Bea Arthur and Richard Kiley, he said he liked what I’d done on The Fly. I reminded him that Jeff Goldblum and Geena Davis were in a horror film, not a love story. He said, ‘No, they were in love, and that’s what the audience saw. Sometimes you have to ignore the words and let the pictures tell the story.’
当导演Gil Cates选择我来拍摄一部由Bea Arthur和Richard Kiley主演的爱情片时，他说他喜欢我拍的《变蝇人》（The Fly）,让他回想起一部Jeff Goldblum 和Geena Davis是在一部恐怖片而不是一个爱情故事里。他说，‘不，他们彼此相爱，这就是观众看到的东西。有时候你必须忽略言语，让画面来讲述故事。’_Mark Irwin, ASC, CSC（《惊声尖叫》摄影）

From John Frankenheimer: ‘Alan, whatever you do in this business, don’t ever let them push you into shooting something you know is just bad, something you’ll end up regretting or hating. Simple rule of thumb: don’t shoot s**t!’
John Frankenheimer对我说过：‘Alan,不管你在这行当里做什么，不要让别人逼着你去拍一些你自己都知道很烂的东西，这种东西只会让你遗憾或者厌恶。简单的铁则：别拍出一坨大便！’_Alan Caso

When I wanted to quit a miserable show, the director, Virgil Vogel, said, ‘Kid, never quit. If you have to leave, get fired. If you quit, it will always reflect on you.’
当我想退出一部烂片时，导演Virgil Vogel说，‘孩子，千万别中途退出。如果你想走，就等着被解雇。如果你中途退出，这件事会永远挂在你心上。’_John Lindley, ASC

Legendary gaffer George ‘Popeye’ Dahlquist used to tell his lamp operators, ‘Boys, if you’re not 10 minutes early, you’re 10 minutes late.’ Readiness is a big part of what we do.
传奇灯光师George ‘Popeye’ Dahlquist曾经跟他的灯光操作员说过，‘小伙子，你要是没早十分钟，那就已经落后了十分钟。’我们的工作中准备可是很重要的一点。_Thomas Ackerman

‘Be yourself.’ I was about to interview for the aforementioned pilot, and I was nervous. My good friend Dominique Fortin said, ‘Just be yourself; they will like you.’ I didn’t try to fake it. I thought it went badly, but in prep, the producer told me, ‘You came in and only spoke about the work, and that’s all Chris Carter cared about.’
‘做你自己。’我就要去采访一位飞行员，然后觉得很紧张。我的好友Dominique Fortin说，‘做你自己，他们会喜欢你的。’我没有尝试去伪装。我觉得采访进行的很糟糕，但是制片人告诉我，‘你走进来，只说工作，这恰恰是 Chris Carter所需要的。’_Peter Wunstorf, ASC

I was once invited to a dinner where Billy Wilder was one of the guests. He asked me what I was doing, to which I replied, ‘Oh, a small movie.’ He said, ‘There’s no such thing, just good ones and bad ones.’ For the rest, I listened to an inner voice that said, ‘Develop as many interests as you can, as you will need them to fill the long gaps between movies and enrich life in general.’
我曾受邀参加一场晚餐，当时Billy Wilder也在宾客之列。他问我在干什么，我回答‘一部小电影’。他说：‘没有这样的说法。只有好电影和坏电影。’至于其他的，我则听从自己内心的声音，他告诉我‘要尽可能培养兴趣，因为你需要它们来填补电影和生活之间的鸿沟。’_Peter Suschitzky, ASC《两小无猜》《芸芸众生》

Kate Nelligan, a superb actor, once told me that if I could light women beautifully, I would not only help many careers, but I would also definitely help mine.
Kate Nelligan,一位卓越的导演曾经告诉我如果我能将女性打光的很漂亮，不仅能对许多事业有帮助，对自己也会有帮助。_加布里尔·贝瑞斯坦（Gabriel Beristain, ASC《刀锋战士2》《刀锋战士3》《反恐特警组》

Spend less than you make.
花掉的得要比你赚取的少。_Don Burgess, ASC

From Harry Stradling Sr.: ‘Never be afraid to take a chance. It may be the best thing you ever did.’
来自Harry Stradling Sr.：‘永远不要害怕冒险。这可能是你干过的最好的事情。’_ Sol Negrin, ASC

The late and wonderful Phil Gersh, my agent for many years, listed the directors one should avoid working with. I’m not going to publish that list. Reports and anecdotes over the years have been an indication of grief avoided.
已故的Phil Gersh,我多年以来的经纪人，将一些应该避免合作的导演列了个清单。我不会公布这份清单。这些年来的报道和轶事已经可以说明问题了。_Donald McAlpine, ASC（《红磨坊》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》摄影）

‘Be nice to people on your way up because you never know who you’re going to meet on the way down.’
‘往上爬的时候，对路上遇到的人好一点。因为你永远不知道当你掉下来的时候会遇见什么人。’_Ross Berryman, ASC, ACS

At ILM, Dennis Muren, ASC had a simple, powerful phrase: ‘One shot, one thought.’ When we lapse into gilding the lily on a setup, that quote provides a reality check.
在工业光魔, Dennis Muren, ASC 有一句很短但是很有力的话:‘一个镜头，一个思想。’ 当我们要在设置上调整轨道时，这句话给了我们很好的提醒。_Pete Kozachik, ASC（《僵尸新娘》《圣诞夜惊魂》摄影 视觉特效）

‘Light the set, then turn off half the lights and shoot.’
‘为现场布好光，然后关掉一半的灯进行拍摄。’_John S. Bartley, ASC, CSC

When I asked Freddie Francis for his secret to glamour lighting, he said, ‘Put a great big light right over the lens. And get Brooke Shields if you can.’
当我问Freddie Francis 他的美感摄影（通常以女性为对象）秘诀是什么，他说，‘在镜头上方放一只大灯。可以的话找来波姬·小丝’。_Bill Taylor, ASC

Using the Pentax spot meter, John Toon taught me the relationship between incident and spot readings. I have used this method of exposure calculation ever since.
使用宾得测光表时,John Toon教会了我测光表读数与入射式测光表之间的关系。自从那时候起我就在用这种曝光计算方法了。_斯图尔特·瑞伯（Stuart Dryburgh, ASC, NZCS《穿越时空爱上你》《美味情缘》）

My dad told me it didn’t matter what I did for a living as long as I loved it. Also, much later, Richard Leiterman caught up with me at the CSC Awards, where I’d just gotten my fourth consecutive award for a TV series and was on a bit of a roll. He told me not to ‘get too damn comfortable’ and to ‘get the hell back to the USA while ya can!’ A year later, I was divorced, living in my native California, doing my most satisfying work ever, and shooting a big studio feature. My career and life have only gotten better since then.
我父亲告诉我只要我喜欢，干什么谋生都不是问题。好久以后，Richard Leiterman跟我在加拿大电影摄影师学会颁奖典礼上遇见，那时候我得到了我的第四个电视剧奖项，似乎相当一帆风顺。他告诉我不要沉迷于舒适地带，应该趁还可以的时候滚回美国！一年之后，我离婚了，住在我的故乡加利福尼亚，做着我至今为止最满意的工作，拍着大工作室的故事片。我的工作和生活从那时起变得更好了。_Rob McLachlan, ASC, CSC

This is directly related to my memorable blunder. When Conrad Hall, ASC gave a lecture at AFI, he was asked what single piece of advice he’d give to aspiring cinematographers. His answer: ‘Get enough sleep.’
这跟我一个很值的记住的错误相关。Conrad Hall, ASC在AFI开了场讲座,人家问他对于那些身怀大志的摄影师有什么建议。他的回答：‘要睡眠充足。’_Antonio Calvache, ASC, AEC

When Levie asked me to work with him at Corman’s, the pay was $50 a day. Levie said, ‘They’re not paying for experience. Take the job and you’ll meet people.’
当Levie请我跟他一起在Corman’s工作时,报酬是一天50美元。Levie说。‘他们付的钱不是为了经验。接受这份工作，你会遇到更多人。’_Rodney Taylor, ASC

Right after I was accepted into the union as an operator, I was offered a job at Warners as an assistant. I needed a letter from a producer to re-rate me. The producer told me I’d be an idiot not to pursue operating because it might take me 10 or more years to get there again. He was right; it was a struggle. But I established myself as an operator and was working steadily within a year.
当我作为摄影机操作员被接纳进联盟后，有人给我机会让我在华纳兄弟公司当助理。我需要制作人写一封信来重新评价我。制作人告诉我，如果我现在不努力当好操作员，再到达相同的位置需要花上十年之久。他说的没错，的确很辛苦。但是我确立了自己作为操作员的地位，在一年内工作也很稳当。_Wayne Kennan

I once worked with Irving Penn, who told me a simple rule: less is often better. He used a single soft light for most of his shots. We shot a number of Pepsi commercials that way, and those spots won several Clios.
我曾经和Irving Penn共事过,他告诉我一条简单的规则：越少越好。在大部分拍摄他都使用一只柔光灯。我们这样拍了很多百事广告，赢得了好几个Clios奖。_Torben Johnke, ASC

My dad told me: ‘Always be prepared, do your homework.’ I can only do my best if I know what a scene is about, what the purpose of every shot is, how it needs to advance the story and how it fits into the overall editing puzzle.
我父亲告诉我:‘永远要做好准备,做好功课。’只有当我知道场景讲了什么，每个镜头有何目的，要如何推进故事，还有如何将一切融入剪切之中，我才能尽最大努力。_Christian Sebaldt, ASC《生化危机2》摄影

‘Lead through respect, not intimidation.’ Words of wisdom from Dad.
‘用尊敬而非羞辱树立榜样。’来自我父亲的箴言。_Christopher Baffa, ASC

Always let the people you’re working with know if you are unsure about something. It’s much better than explaining why a mistake was made.
当你对什么事情不确定的时候一定要让共事的人知道。这比事后解释为何犯错好多了。_Steve Gainer, ASC

Learn from your mistakes, not your successes.
从你的失败而非成功中学习。_Shelly Johnson, ASC《侏罗纪公园3》摄影

We’re all replaceable.
我们都会被取代。_Ron Fortunato, ASC《忠犬八公的故事》摄影

‘It’s only a film,’ which, coupled with ‘This too will pass,’ pretty much takes care of it.
‘这只是一部电影’，还有‘这个会通过的’，挺有用的。_John Hora, ASC

Early in my career, as an assistant doing commercials, I found myself sitting at the top of a Titan crane next to the great Phil Lathrop, ASC, waiting for the sun to set for a wide beauty shot of cars. He sat there patiently behind the lens. I leaned toward him and said, ‘I’m just starting in the business and hope someday to be a cinematographer. What advice could you give me?’　He looked at me so hard I felt like bailing off the crane. ‘Only one thing, kid,’ he said. ‘Sit down whenever you can.’
入行早期，担任广告拍摄助手时，我有一次坐在Titan摇臂上，挨着一位出色的摄影师Phil Lathrop, ASC,等着太阳升起，给车辆一个美丽的广角镜头。他很耐心地坐在镜头后面。我向他靠过去，问他，‘我才刚入行，希望有一天能成为摄影师，你能给我什么建议么?’他直盯盯地看着我，看得我差点从摇臂上摔下来。‘只有一件事，孩子’，他说。‘可以的时候都要坐着。’_John Bailey, ASC

Do not be afraid to push yourself and trust yourself.
别害怕推自己一把。相信自己。_Bill Roe, ASC

The thing that makes you a filmmaker is the act of making a film.
让你成为电影人的就是拍电影。_David Stump, ASC《加菲猫》《X战警》视觉特效、摄影

Never give up. Always keep a positive attitude. Attention to detail.
永不放弃。永远保持积极的态度。注意细节。_Richard Crudo, ASC

Never take rejection personally if you don’t get a job. There are so many cinematographers vying for so few jobs, and there are many forces at work that have nothing to do with one’s talent.
如果你没有得到工作，不要带着个人情绪去看问题。这个世上有那么多摄影师在抢那么一点点工作，在工作时有很多因素与个人才干无关。_Nancy Schreiber, ASC

‘There are never any problems, only solutions.’
‘永远没有问题，只有解决方案。’_Vincent Cox, ASC


我受邀成为拍摄《最后的华尔兹》（The Last Waltz）摄影师之中一员后,导演马丁·斯科塞斯为每部摄影机的位置和演员都写了非常详细的拍摄指示。David Myers,一位比当时的我经验丰富得多，技巧娴熟，聪明睿智的摄影师把我带到一边，悄声说，‘跟着你的直觉’。直到今天我都还牢记他的话。_Hiro Narita, ASC

While I worked in construction with my dad, he told me that if I gave customers more than they bargained for, they would return and never question the bill. I worked with some of the same commercial-agency clients for 30 years.
当我和父亲一起共事时，他告诉我如果你给得比顾客要求的还要多，这些顾客就会再来找你，并且永远不会质疑账单。我和一些相同的广告机构合作超过30年了。_Ron Dexter, ASC

Early in my career, an old veteran told me, ‘The industry is a lot of fun, but never forget it’s a business with a lot of money being spent every second. Don’t laugh your way out of your job, and if you stretch your arms out and you can’t touch the camera, then you’re probably in the wrong place.’ Good words to remember.
我刚入行时，有个老手跟我说，‘这个行业很有趣，但是绝不要忘记这是一个每秒都在烧钱的行业。别小看你的工作，如果你伸开手臂都没有办法碰到摄影机，那你可能就是位置不对。’金玉良言，谨记于心。_Craig DiBona, ASC

All one really has in this business is one’s reputation as someone who can be trusted.
一个人在整个行业内真正拥有的就是信誉，可以被人信赖的信誉。_Paul Maibaum, ASC

Make friends early so you have allies in this business. They are the ones who call you first.
早点交朋友，这样在行业里就可以早点拥有盟友。这些人会是最先会需要你的人。_Karl Walter Lindenlaub, ASC

Always view your dailies. This may sound silly, but a lot of times, especially today, you never get the chance to see how a shot will look up on the big screen.
永远都要去看你的素材。这听起来可能很傻，但是大部分时候，特别是今天，你永远不会有机会看看在大银幕上它们看起来是什么样。_David B。 Nowell, ASC

‘The only reason to be late for a call is being dead.’ This was drilled into me by Mel London or Freddie Young, BSC.
‘晚接电话的唯一理由就是你死了。’这句话是由Mel London还是 Freddie Young, BSC钉进我脑子里的。_Jon Fauer, ASC

Always strive for perfection in every image you create, not so much technically but in terms of feeling that you have completely understood what you are trying to convey.
在你创造的每一张图像中都要力求完美，这不全是在技术上，还有在情感上，你必须完全理解你在试图表达什么。_Kees Van Oostrum, ASC

One piece of advice I gave myself was not to follow any rules. Another, from Jean-Jacques Annaud, is, ‘Always wear the appropriate shoes on set.’
我给自己的一条建议就是永远不要被任何规则捆绑。还有一条来自Jean-Jacques Annaud,‘在现场穿得体的鞋子。’_Philippe Rousselot, ASC, AFC

附录：文中各个机构缩写对应
ACS：澳大利亚电影摄影师学会
AEC：西班牙电影摄影师学会
AIC：意大利电影摄影师学会
AMC：墨西哥电影摄影师学会
ASC: 美国电影摄影师学会
BSC：英国电影摄影师学会
CSC：加拿大电影摄影师学会
PSC：波兰电影摄影师学会
NZCS：新西兰电影摄影师学会

该你回答了
虽然上面的一些摄影师并不像罗杰·狄金斯（Roger Deakins）那样富有传奇色彩或声名远扬，但是要成为ASC会员也需要很高的要求。所以，这是他们通过辛苦而得来的经验教训。如果我在他们刚入行时问这些问题，答案应该也会很不同。所有建议对电影从业者都挺有用的。

不同的建议给我们一些参考意义或者启发。一些经验和事后反省让我们会想起什么是最好的建议。这些年来，从人际交往，具体技术细节到人生教训。

不管你经验丰富与否，你得到过的印象最深的、至今为止对你最有帮助建议又是什么呢？